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Lyric Poem · Nature

John Barleycorn: A Ballad

by Robert Burns

1THERE was three kings into the east,

2 Three kings both great and high,

3And they hae sworn a solemn oath

4 John Barleycorn should die.

5They took a plough and plough’d him down,

6 Put clods upon his head,

7And they hae sworn a solemn oath

8 John Barleycorn was dead.

9But the cheerful Spring came kindly on,

10 And show’rs began to fall;

11John Barleycorn got up again,

12 And sore surpris’d them all.

13The sultry suns of Summer came,

14 And he grew thick and strong;

15His head weel arm’d wi’ pointed spears,

16 That no one should him wrong.

17The sober Autumn enter’d mild,

18 When he grew wan and pale;

19His bending joints and drooping head

20 Show’d he began to fail.

21His colour sicken’d more and more,

22 He faded into age;

23And then his enemies began

24 To show their deadly rage.

25They’ve taen a weapon, long and sharp,

26 And cut him by the knee;

27Then tied him fast upon a cart,

28 Like a rogue for forgerie.

29They laid him down upon his back,

30 And cudgell’d him full sore;

31They hung him up before the storm,

32 And turned him o’er and o’er.

33They filled up a darksome pit

34 With water to the brim;

35They heaved in John Barleycorn,

36 There let him sink or swim.

37They laid him out upon the floor,

38 To work him farther woe;

39And still, as signs of life appear’d,

40 They toss’d him to and fro.

41They wasted, o’er a scorching flame,

42 The marrow of his bones;

43But a miller us’d him worst of all,

44 For he crush’d him between two stones.

45And they hae taen his very heart’s blood,

46 And drank it round and round;

47And still the more and more they drank,

48 Their joy did more abound.

49John Barleycorn was a hero bold,

50 Of noble enterprise;

51For if you do but taste his blood,

52 ’Twill make your courage rise.

53’Twill make a man forget his woe;

54 ’Twill heighten all his joy;

55’Twill make the widow’s heart to sing,

56 Tho’ the tear were in her eye.

57Then let us toast John Barleycorn,

58 Each man a glass in hand;

59And may his great posterity

60 Ne’er fail in old Scotland!

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Quick facts

Poem
John Barleycorn: A Ballad
Poet
Robert Burns
Length
60 lines
Form
Lyric Poem
Themes
Nature, Sad, Love

Craft notes

How this poem works

Measured from the text on this page, not copied from a summary. Counts are approximate: syllables and rhymes come from the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary, which models General American English, so dialect, older pronunciation, and performance can all change what you hear.

Shape
60 lines · 15 quatrains
Line length
Lines run 6-8 syllables (median 7). No single length dominates, which is normal once elision and contraction are in play.
Refrain
And they hae sworn a solemn oathRepeated lines act as the poem's hinge or drumbeat.
The poem’s silhouette — approximate syllables per line, measured from the text above. Even bars mean a measured line; ragged bars mean the poem sets its own widths.

Want the rules this form is measured against? Read what makes a lyric poem, or run your own draft through the form checker to see the same measurements on your lines. How we measure · Report a mistake

Text, source & rights

A traceable edition

Full-text display is based on the committed source record and a United States term-expiry review.

Author record
Robert Burns1759–1796
Source record
PoetryDBJohn Barleycorn: A Ballad by robert-burns, PoetryDB transcription
Display decision
Full text · United States · reviewed 2026-07-18
Publication record
Not recorded in the imported source
Text fingerprint
SHA-256 04afb80e1fa747d5
Editorial handling
Whitespace and stanza breaks normalized for web display; no material wording change recorded.
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