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Lyric Poem · Nature

Caledonia: A Ballad

by Robert Burns

1THERE was once a day, but old Time wasythen young,

2 That brave Caledonia, the chief of her line,

3From some of your northern deities sprung,

4 (Who knows not that brave Caledonia’s divine?)

5From Tweed to the Orcades was her domain,

6 To hunt, or to pasture, or do what she would:

7Her heav’nly relations there fixed her reign,

8 And pledg’d her their godheads to warrant it good.

9A lambkin in peace, but a lion in war,

10 The pride of her kindred, the heroine grew:

11Her grandsire, old Odin, triumphantly swore,—

12 “Whoe’er shall provoke thee, th’ encounter shall rue!”

13With tillage or pasture at times she would sport,

14 To feed her fair flocks by her green rustling corn;

15But chiefly the woods were her fav’rite resort,

16 Her darling amusement, the hounds and the horn.

17Long quiet she reigned; till thitherward steers

18 A flight of bold eagles from Adria’s strand:

19Repeated, successive, for many long years,

20 They darken’d the air, and they plunder’d the land:

21Their pounces were murder, and terror their cry,

22 They’d conquer’d and ruin’d a world beside;

23She took to her hills, and her arrows let fly,

24 The daring invaders they fled or they died.

25The Cameleon-Savage disturb’d her repose,

26 With tumult, disquiet, rebellion, and strife;

27Provok’d beyond bearing, at last she arose,

28 And robb’d him at once of his hopes and his life:

29The Anglian lion, the terror of France,

30 Oft prowling, ensanguin’d the Tweed’s silver flood;

31But, taught by the bright Caledonian lance,

32 He learnèd to fear in his own native wood.

33The fell Harpy-raven took wing from the north,

34 The scourge of the seas, and the dread of the shore;

35The wild Scandinavian boar issued forth

36 To wanton in carnage and wallow in gore:

37O’er countries and kingdoms their fury prevail’d,

38 No arts could appease them, no arms could repel;

39But brave Caledonia in vain they assail’d,

40 As Largs well can witness, and Loncartie tell.

41Thus bold, independent, unconquer’d, and free,

42 Her bright course of glory for ever shall run:

43For brave Caledonia immortal must be;

44 I’ll prove it from Euclid as clear as the sun:

45Rectangle-triangle, the figure we’ll chuse:

46 The upright is Chance, and old Time is the base;

47But brave Caledonia’s the hypothenuse;

48 Then, ergo, she’ll match them, and match them always.

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Quick facts

Poem
Caledonia: A Ballad
Poet
Robert Burns
Length
48 lines
Form
Lyric Poem
Themes
Nature, Death & Loss, Hope

Craft notes

How this poem works

Measured from the text on this page, not copied from a summary. Counts are approximate: syllables and rhymes come from the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary, which models General American English, so dialect, older pronunciation, and performance can all change what you hear.

Shape
48 lines · 6 octaves
Line length
Mostly 11-syllable lines.
The poem’s silhouette — approximate syllables per line, measured from the text above. Even bars mean a measured line; ragged bars mean the poem sets its own widths.

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Text, source & rights

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Full-text display is based on the committed source record and a United States term-expiry review.

Author record
Robert Burns1759–1796
Source record
PoetryDBCaledonia: A Ballad by robert-burns, PoetryDB transcription
Display decision
Full text · United States · reviewed 2026-07-18
Publication record
Not recorded in the imported source
Text fingerprint
SHA-256 e85ae92d89cb1dd0
Editorial handling
Whitespace and stanza breaks normalized for web display; no material wording change recorded.
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